AWS Interview Questions and Answers: Comprehensive Guide for Success”

AWS Interview Questions and Answers: Comprehensive Guide for Success”

 

Amazon provides cloud computing with AWS. You can create, test, release, and manage applications and services using AWS. All of this is accomplished using Amazon-managed data centres and hardware. The Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS), Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS), and Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) products offered by AWS are combined.

 

With the help of AWS, you can build virtual machines that come equipped with networking, device management, analytics, and processing, storage, and storage capacity. You can avoid upfront fees by using AWS’s pay-as-you-go model, which lets you pay just for what you use each month.

AWS Basic Interview Questions

1. What is EC2?

EC2, a cloud-based virtual machine over which you have OS-level management. This cloud server can be used anytime you need it, when you need to put your own servers in the cloud in a manner similar to how your on-premises servers are, and when you want complete control over the hardware selection and software upgrades for the device.

2. What is SnowBall?

With the help of the AWS Snowball service, you can transport data into and out of AWS and extend AWS computation and storage capabilities to your edge locations. These tough devices are also known as AWS Snowball Edge devices or AWS Snowball devices.

3. What is the difference between AWS Snowball and Snowball edge?

The capacity they offer is the main distinction between Snowball and Snowball Edge. While Amazon Snowball Edge offers 100 TB, of which 83 TB is available, Snowball offers a total of 50 TB or 80 TB, of which 42 TB or 72 TB is available.

4. What is CloudWatch?

You can keep an eye on AWS environments like EC2, RDS Instances, and CPU usage with the aid of CloudWatch. In accordance with a variety of criteria, it also sets off alarms.

5. What is Elastic Transcoder?

AWS Service Tool Elastic Transcoder assists you in modifying a video’s format and resolution to support a variety of devices, including tablets, smartphones, and laptops with varied resolutions.

6. What do you understand by VPC?

Virtual Private Cloud is referred to as VPC. You can personalise your networking setup with it. A logical barrier separates a virtual private cloud (VPC) network from other cloud networks. It enables you to have your own personal subnet, security group, and IP address range.

7. DNS and Load Balancer Services come under which type of Cloud Service?

DNS and Load Balancer are a part of IaaS-Storage Cloud Service.

8. What are the Storage Classes available in Amazon S3?

Storage Classes available with Amazon S3 are:

• Amazon S3 Standard
• Amazon S3 Standard-Infrequent Access
• Amazon S3 Reduced Redundancy Storage
• Amazon Glacier

9. Explain what T2 instances are?

T2 Instances are created with the capacity to burst to higher performance levels when needed by the workload and a moderate baseline performance.

10. What are Key-Pairs in AWS?

Secure login credentials for your virtual machines are key-pairs. You can utilise Key-Pairs, which include a Public Key and a Private Key, to connect to the instances.

11. How many Subnets can you have per VPC?

You can have 200 Subnets per VPC.

12. List different types of Cloud Services.

Different types of Cloud Services are:

• Software as a Service (SaaS)
• Data as a Service (DaaS)
• Platform as a Service (PaaS)
• Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)

Advanced AWS Questions

13. Explain what S3 is?

Simple Storage Service is referred to as S3. Any quantity of data can be stored and retrieved using the S3 interface at any time and from any location on the internet. Pay as you go is the payment method for S3.

14. How does Amazon Route 53 provide high availability and low latency?

Route 53 is built to automatically respond to inquiries from the best location based on network conditions by using a global anycast network of DNS servers worldwide. Because of this, the service provides your end consumers with reduced query latency.

15. How can you send a request to Amazon S3?

As a REST service, Amazon S3 allows you to send requests using either the REST API directly or the AWS SDK wrapper libraries.

16. What does AMI include?

An AMI consists of the following:

a model for the instance’s root volume.

Which AWS accounts can use the AMI to launch instances is determined by launch permissions.

a block device mapping that chooses the volumes the instance should attach to when it is launched.

17. What are the different types of Instances?

Following are the types of instances:

• Compute Optimized
• Memory-Optimized
• Storage Optimized
• Accelerated Computing
• General Purpose

18.  What is the relation between the Availability Zone and Region?

AWS Regions are divided into Availability Zones, which are designed to be isolated from failures in neighbouring Availability Zones. In the same AWS Region, they offer cheap, low-latency network connectivity to different Availability Zones. Each area is totally autonomous.

19. How do you monitor Amazon VPC?

You can monitor Amazon VPC using:

• CloudWatch
• VPC Flow Logs

20. What are the different types of EC2 instances based on their costs?

Amazon EC2 instances can be paid for in a variety of ways, including On-Demand, Savings Plans, Reserved Instances, and Spot Instances. Additionally, you can pay for Dedicated Hosts, which offer EC2 instance capacity on real servers that are set aside just for you.

21. What do you understand by stopping and terminating an EC2 Instance?

You can stop, start, or terminate an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (AWS EC2) instance to address an event using the Terminate, start, or stop an instance in EC2 action. When developing a policy, this action is specified.

22. What are the consistency models for modern DBs offered by AWS?

Eventual Consistency -It implies that the facts will eventually be consistent, however it might not happen right away. The client requests will be fulfilled more quickly as a result, although some of the first read requests might end up reading stale material. It is preferable to have this kind of consistency in systems when real-time data is not required. For instance, it is acceptable if you don’t immediately see the most current tweets on Twitter or updates on Facebook.

Strong Consistency-Data will be instantly consistent across all DB Servers thanks to its immediate consistency feature. Accordingly. It can take some time for this model to make the data consistent and then resume serving requests. However, this architecture ensures that all responses will always contain data that is consistent.

23. What is Geo-Targeting in CloudFront?

Businesses can display customised content to their audience based on their geographic location using the geo-targeting idea without modifying the URL. This makes it easier for you to generate content that is specifically tailored to the demands of a local audience.

24. What are the advantages of AWS IAM?

You may determine who or what can access AWS services and resources, manage fine-grained permissions centrally, and use access analysis to fine-tune permissions across AWS with AWS Identity and Access Management (IAM).

25. What do you understand by a Security Group?

For your EC2 instances, a security group serves as a virtual firewall to manage incoming and outgoing traffic. Outbound rules manage the traffic leaving your instance, and inbound rules control the traffic entering it. You have the option to choose one or more security groups when launching an instance.

26. What are Spot Instances and On-Demand Instances?

An instance that uses extra EC2 capacity that is accessible for less than the On-Demand fee is known as a Spot Instance. You can dramatically reduce your Amazon EC2 expenditures by ordering unused EC2 instances from Spot Instances at considerable discounts. The term “Spot price” refers to the hourly cost of a Spot Instance.

27. Explain Connection Draining.

Use connection draining to make sure that a Classic Load Balancer stops sending requests to instances that are de-registering or unwell while keeping the current connections open. This makes it possible for the load balancer to finish requests sent to unhealthy or de-registering instances while they are still running.

28. What is a Stateful and a Stateless Firewall?

A stateful firewall is one that keeps the set of rules in their current state. You must only set rules for inbound traffic. The outgoing traffic is automatically allowed to flow based on the set inbound rules.

A Stateless Firewall, on the other hand, necessitates that you explicitly set rules for both inbound and outbound traffic.

A Stateless Firewall will not let outgoing traffic to Port 80 if you permit inbound traffic from Port 80, but a Stateful Firewall will.

29. What is a Power User Access in AWS?

Power users have access to all KMS keys and IAM identities, as well as the ability to create, use, and manage KMS keys. In addition to key policies, other IAM policies, and grants, principals with the AWSKeyManagementServicePowerUser managed policy can also obtain permissions from other sources.

30. What is the difference between power user and administrator?

Administrator: Users with administrative privileges can access all areas of the system, including Settings and Utilities. Power User: Power Users lack access to Settings and Utilities but have equivalent access to Administrators.

31. What is an Instance Store Volume and an EBS Volume?

Because the data stored in instance store volumes is not permanent via instance pauses, terminations, or hardware failures, the instance store is perfect for temporary storage. Use Amazon Elastic Block Store (Amazon EBS) volumes instead for data you wish to keep for a longer period of time or if you want to encrypt the data.

32. What are Recovery Time Objective and Recovery Point Objective in AWS?

Recovery Time Objective-The time between the service interruption and service restoration is as long as may be tolerated. This corresponds to a reasonable window of time during which the service may be unavailable.

Recover Point Objective-The maximum period of time that can have passed since the last data restore point is now. The allowable amount of data loss between the previous recovery point and the service interruption is what it corresponds to.

33. Is there a way to upload a file that is greater than 100 Megabytes in Amazon S3?

Yes, you may do it using AWS’ Multipart Upload Utility. Larger files can be submitted in many, independent sections using the Multipart Upload Utility. By uploading these pieces simultaneously, you can also speed up the upload process. The original file from which the pieces were formed is created once the parts have been uploaded and combined into a single object or file.

34. Can you change the Private IP Address of an EC2 instance while it is running or in a stopped state?

No, an EC2 instance’s private IP address cannot be altered. A private IP address is given to each newly started EC2 instance at the moment of boot. This private IP address is permanently assigned to the instance and cannot be modified.

35. What is the use of lifecycle hooks is Autoscaling?

To add an extra wait time to a scale-in or scale-out event, auto-scaling uses lifecycle hooks

36. Explain the importance of buffer in Amazon Web Services?

The buffer creates an equilibrium between multiple tools and machines, enabling them to work simultaneously and deliver speedier service. The comprehensive, dynamic cloud computing platform known as Amazon Web Services (AWS) is made available by Amazon.

37. What kind of network performance parameters can you expect when you launch instances in cluster placement group?

In a placement group, the user can anticipate up to a difference in network performance depending on the instance type and network performance criteria.

10 Gbps for one flow.

20 Gbps in multi-flow for a full-duplex instance.

The network will cap traffic at 5 Gbps if the chosen group is not included (full duplex)

38. Is one Elastic IP address enough for each instance that I actually have running?

By linking numerous EC2 instances simultaneously under a single web address, an Amazon Load Balancer enables you to scale out your website. On the other hand, an Elastic IP can only be connected to one EC2 instance at a time.

39. Explain how S3 can use with EC2 instances?

For storing Amazon Machine Images, Amazon EC2 uses Amazon S3 (AMIs). EC2 instances are launched using AMIs. If an instance fails, you can use the saved AMI to launch a new one right away, ensuring quick recovery and business continuity.

40. How can a user move the data to long distances by using the internet with the help of Amazon S3 Bucket?

The data will be transferred using Transfer Acceleration, which uses Amazon’s content delivery network and efficient network pathways to power the data transfer. Compared to standard data transfer speeds, this network is more than 300% faster.

41. How can a user boost up data transfer in Amazon Snowball?

By batching small files together in one snowball cp command, you can considerably increase the speed of your transfer for those types of files. These batch files are automatically extracted to their original states throughout the Amazon S3 import process. Options for the snowball cp Command has more details.

42. Can a user connect the company’s data centre to the Amazon Cloud?

Yes, you may do this by creating a virtual private network (VPN) connection between your company’s network and your virtual private cloud (VPC). This will allow you to operate as though your EC2 instances are part of your current network.

43. Is it possible to alter the personal IP addresses of associate EC2 whereas it’s running/stopped in an exceedingly VPC?

The primary IP address remains connected to the instance for the duration of its existence and cannot be changed, while secondary IP addresses can be unassigned, appointed, or transferred between interfaces or instances for any reason.

44. Can a user attach multiple subnets to a routeing table?

Network packets are routed using route tables. Therefore, having several route tables in a subnet can make it difficult to determine the packet’s location. As a result, a subnet only has one route table.

The route table can include any number of records or pieces of information. This makes it clear that adding a lot of subnets to a routing table is feasible.

45. If a user uses Amazon CloudFront, is able to use direct hook up with transfer objects from his data centre?

Yes. Custom origins are supported by Amazon CloudFront. It also contains origins from sources other than AWS. The user will be charged according to the various information transfer rates while using AWS Direct Connect.

46. If AWS Direct Connect fails, can the user loose connectivity?

Public resource traffic, including those to and from Amazon S3, will be routed online. In the event of a failure, Amazon VPC traffic will be dropped if you do not have a backup IPsec VPN or AWS Direct Connect connectivity. Public resource traffic will be forwarded via the internet.

47. If a user launches a standby RDS instance, can or not it’s within the same convenience Zone as the primary?

No, the standby instance is kept in a completely distinct comfort zone that may a physically different freelancing infrastructure because the purpose of having a standby instance is to avoid association infrastructure failure (if it occurs).

48. When should a user prefer Provisioned IOPS over normal RDS storage?

Online transaction processing (OLTP) workloads with consistent performance needs are best suited for provisioned IOPS storage. These workloads benefit from performance optimization thanks to provisioned IOPS. Your database workload might occasionally be unable to use all of the IOPS that you have allocated.

49. How are Amazon RDS, DynamoDB and Redshift different from each other?

Amazon RDS is a direct service for related databases; it handles database maintenance tasks including updating, backing up information, and correcting without requiring your involvement. RDS is likely a database management service that only handles structural data.

On the other hand, Amazon DynamoDB might be a NoSQL information service; NoSQL deals with unstructured data.

A totally different service, Amazon Redshift uses its data warehouse product for data analysis.

50. Can a user run more than one DB instance for Amazon RDS for free?

Yes. You are allowed to run several Single-AZ Micro DB instances at once and have your consumption counted toward the AWS Free Tier for Amazon RDS.

51. Can a user retrieve only a particular part of the information if he has a nested JSON data in DynamoDB?

Yes. The user will be able to sketch out a Projection Expression once utilising the GetItem, BatchGetItem, query, or Scan Apis to determine which attributes should be retrieved from the table. A JSON document’s scalars, sets, or components will be represented by those attributes.

52. A corporation is deploying a brand new two-tier internet application in AWS. The corporate has restricted workers and needs high handiness, and also the application needs advanced queries and table joins. That configuration provides the answer for the company’s requirements?

DynamoDB by Amazon. DynamoDB would be a good choice because it can scale more easily than RDS or any other computer database service.

53. What will cause to the backups and dB Snapshots if a user deletes the dB Instance?

Your automated backups are kept for the amount of time specified in the DB instance’s retention policy at the time of deletion. Whether or whether you decide to take a final DB snapshot, this predetermined retention time still applies.